eDNA-based environmental monitoring in aquaculture

The project develops environmental DNA (eDNA) to monitor how low-trophic aquaculture affects biodiversity and marine ecosystems along the Swedish west coast.

Low-trophic aquaculture (LTA) includes the cultivation of species such as mussels, seaweeds and tunicates and is widely regarded as a sustainable pathway for future food production. However, knowledge of how this type of aquaculture influences biodiversity and marine ecosystem functioning remains limited.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) consists of genetic material that organisms release into their surroundings, for example into water or sediments. By analysing eDNA, researchers can identify which species are present in a given area and track changes in ecosystems over time, without the need to capture or directly observe organisms.

In this project, eDNA is developed and tested as a tool for monitoring the effects of low-trophic aquaculture on marine biodiversity. By comparing eDNA-based metabarcoding with traditional monitoring methods, the project assesses impacts across multiple trophic levels, from plankton to fish, both in the water column and in benthic habitats.

IVL leads the development of sampling protocols, laboratory methods and bioinformatic workflows that enable cost-effective and large-scale biodiversity monitoring. The results will contribute to improved decision support for environmental permitting processes and support the sustainable development of future aquaculture.